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• Publication Information
• Introduction

Table of Contents

• Publication Information
• Figures
• Acronyms and Abbreviations
• Appendix A : General Characteristics and Environmental Settings of Domestic Nuclear Power Plants
• Arkansas Nuclear One
• Beaver Valley Power Station
• Bellefonte Nuclear Plant
• Big Rock Point Nuclear Plant
• Braidwood Station
• Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Station
• Brunswick Steam Electric Plant
• Byron Station
• Callaway Plant
• Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant
• Catawba Nuclear Station
• Clinton Power Station
• Comanche Peak Steam Electric Station
• Donald C. Cook Nuclear Power Plant
• Cooper Nuclear Station
• Crystal River Nuclear Plant
• Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station
• Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant
• Dresden Nuclear Power Station
• Duane Arnold Energy Center
• Joseph M. Farley Nuclear Plant
• Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant
• James A. Fitzpatrick Nuclear Power Plant
• Fort Calhoun Station
• Robert Emmett Ginna Nuclear Power Plant
• Grand Gulf Nuclear Station
• Haddam Neck Plant (Connecticut Yankee)
• Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant
• Edwin I. Hatch Nuclear Plant
• Hope Creek Generating Station
• Indian Point Station
• Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant
• La Salle County Station
• Limerick Generating Station
• Maine Yankee Atomic Power Plant
• William B. McGuire Nuclear Station
• Millstone Nuclear Power Station
• Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant
• North Anna Power Station
• Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station
• Oconee Nuclear Station
• Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station
• Palisades Nuclear Plant
• Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station
• Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station
• Perry Nuclear Power Plant
• Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station
• Point Beach Nuclear Plant
• Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant
• Quad-Cities Station
• Rancho Seco Nuclear Generating Station
• River Bend Station
• H. B. Robinson Plant
• Salem Nuclear Generating Station
• San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station
• Seabrook Station
• Sequoyah Nuclear Plant
• Shoreham Nuclear Power Station
• South Texas Project
• St. Lucie Plant
• Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Station
• Surry Power Station
• Susquehanna Steam Electric Station
• Three Mile Island Nuclear Station
• Trojan Nuclear Plant
• Turkey Point Plant
• Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Station
• Vogtle Electric Generating Plant
• Washington Nuclear Project 2 (WNP-2)
• Waterford Steam Electric Station
• Watts Bar Nuclear Plant
• Wolf Creek Generating Station
• Yankee Nuclear Power Station
• Zion Nuclear Plant
• References
• Appendix B : Definition of Impact Initiators for Nuclear Plant License Renewal Generic Environmental Impact Study
• B.1 Introduction
• B.1.1 Purpose
• B.1.2 Scope and Organization
• B.2 Technical Approach and Bases
• B.2.1 Technical Approach
• B.2.2 Assumptions and Bases
• B.3 Data Development
• B.3.1 Aging Management Activities
• B.3.2 Quantification of Impact Initiators
• B.4 Results
• B.4.1 BWR and PWR License Renewal Program Impact Initiators
• B.4.2 Comparisons to Industry Costs for Plant Life Extension
• B.4.3 Other Impacts and Considerations
• B.4.4 Consideration of Other License Renewal Programs
• B.5 Endnotes
• B.6 References
• Appendix B -- Attachment 1 : Recent Industry Experience for Major Refurbishments and Estimates for Plant Life Extension Costs
• Appendix C : Socioeconomics
• C.1 Research Methods
• C.1.2 Review of Newspaper Citations
• C.1.3 Survey of Utilities
• C.1.4 Case Studies
• C.1.5 Analysis of Impacts
• C.2 Baseline Description
• C.2.1 Overview of Past Population- and Tax-Driven Nuclear Plant Impacts
• C.2.2 Overview of Current and Past Socioeconomic Characteristics for All Plants
• C.3 Description of License Renewal
• C.3.1 Work Force and Expenditures Required for Plant Refurbishment and the License Renewal Term
• C.3.2 Changes in Taxable Value of the Plant and in Tax Distributions Following Refurbishment
• C.4 Description of Case Study Sites
• C.4.1 Arkansas Nuclear One
• C.4.2 D. C. Cook
• C.4.3 Diablo Canyon
• C.4.4 Indian Point
• C.4.5 Oconee
• C.4.6 Three Mile Island
• C.4.7 Wolf Creek
• C.5 Endnotes
• C.6 References
• C.6.1 Printed Sources
• C.7 Tables
• Appendix D : Aquatic Microorganisms and Human Health
• References
• Appendix E : Radiation Protection Considerations for Nuclear Power Plant License Renewal
• E.1 The Regulatory Standards Process
• E.2 Radiation Protection Standards
• E.2.1 Occupational
• E.2.2 Public
• E.3 Nuclear Power Plant Exposure Data
• E.3.1 Occupational
• E.3.2 Public
• E.4 Risks from Radiation Exposure
• E.4.1 Background
• E.4.2 Risk Coefficient Selection for this Generic Environmental Impact Statement
• E.5 Overview and Perspective
• E.5.1 Program Costs
• E.5.2 Risks
• E.5.3 Standards
• E.5.4 Conclusions
• E.6 References
• Attachment E.A : Concepts, Terminology, Quantities, and Units Used in the Old and New Versions of 10 CFR Part 20
• E.A.1 Conventional Quantities and Units
• E.A.2 New Part 20 Quantities and Units
• E.A.3 International System of Units
• Attachment E.B : The ICRP Dose Limitation System
• E.B.1 Justification
• E.B.2 Optimization
• E.B.3 Limitation
• Attachment E.C : Plots of Population Dose Commitments by Reactor Legend:
• Appendix F : Methodology for Assessing Impacts to Aquatic Ecology and Water Resources
• F.1 List of Issues
• F.2 Sources of Information
• F.3 Analytical Approach
• F.4 Plant-Specific Analysis
• F.4.1 Arkansas Nuclear One
• F.4.2 William B. McGuire Nuclear Station
• F.4.3 D. C. Cook Nuclear Power Plant
• F.4.4 Lake Michigan Nuclear Power Plants
• F.4.5 Hudson River Power Plants
• F.4.6 San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station
• F.4.7 Crystal River Nuclear Plant
• F.5 Summary
• F.6 Endnotes
• F.7 References
• Appendix G : Postulated Accidents
• G.1 Statistical Analysis
• G.1.1 Introduction
• G.1.2 Regressions
• G.1.3 Predictions
• G.2 Endnotes
• G.3 References
• Appendix H : Environmental Statutes and Regulations Affecting License Renewal Activities
• H.1 Introduction
• H.2 Federal Statutes And Executive Orders
• H.2.1 Land Use
• H.2.2 Water Use
• H.2.3 Water Quality
• H.2.4 Air Quality
• H.2.5 Aquatic Resources
• H.2.6 Terrestrial Resources
• H.2.7 Radiological Impacts
• H.2.8 Solid Waste
• H.2.9 Chemical Impurities
• H.2.10 Socioeconomic Factors
• H.2.11 Other
• Appendix I : NRC Procedures for the Submission of Petitions for Rulemaking

Publication Information

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Final Report

Manuscript Completed: April 1996
Date Published: May 1996

Division of Regulatory Applications
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, DC 20555-0001

Figures

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B.1 PWR major refurbishment outage schedule

B.2 BWR major refurbishment schedule

B.3 Typical program impacts relative to corresponding conservative case impacts

B.4 Incremental labor hours

B.5 Outage average incremental on-site staff

B.6 Additional personnel required to perform conservative case pressurized-water reactor license renewal major refurbishment outage activities

B.7 Additional personnel required to perform conservative case boiling-water reactor license renewal current-term outage activities

B.8 Additional personnel required to perform typical case pressurized-water reactor license renewal current-term outage activities

B.9 Additional personnel required to perform typical case boiling-water reactor license renewal major refurbishment activities

B.10 Incremental low-level waste generated

B.11 Incremental occupational radiation exposure

B.12 Incremental waste disposal costs

B.13 Incremental capital and labor costs

B.14 Total license renewal costs

B-1.1 Outage duration and personnel exposure in seven steam generator replacement projects

C.1 Population categories, by sparseness and proximity

C.2 The seven case study nuclear plants

C.3 Conservative scenario refurbishment work force estimates (PWR)

C.4 Socioeconomic impact area associated with Arkansas Nuclear One refurbishment: Pope County

C.5 Region surrounding the Arkansas Nuclear One nuclear plant

C.6 Socioeconomic impact area associated with D. C. Cook refurbishment, including Berrien County, Lake Township, and Bridgman

C.7 Region surrounding the D. C. Cook nuclear plant

C.8 Socioeconomic impact area associated with Diablo Canyon refurbishment: San Luis Obispo County

C.9 Region surrounding the Diablo Canyon nuclear plant

C.10 Socioeconomic impact area associated with Indian Point refurbishment: Westchester and Dutchess counties

C.11 Region surrounding the Indian Point nuclear plant

C.12 Socioeconomic impact area associated with Oconee Nuclear Station refurbishment: Oconee County

C.13 Region surrounding the Oconee Nuclear Station nuclear plant

C.14 Socioeconomic impact area associated with Three Mile Island refurbishment: Middletown, Royalton, and Londonderry Township

C.15 Region surrounding the Three Mile Island nuclear plant

C.16 Socioeconomic impact area associated with Wolf Creek Generating Station refurbishment: Coffey County

C.17 Region surrounding the Wolf Creek Generating Station nuclear plant

E.C.1 Person-rem per year for Arkansas One

E.C.2 Person-rem per year for Beaver Valley

E.C.3 Person-rem per year for Big Rock Point

E.C.4 Person-rem per year for Calvert Cliffs

F.1 Example information request letter sent to state fish and wildlife resource agencies, state water pollution control agencies, and regions of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Marine Fisheries Service, and Environmental Protection Agency.

G.1 Residuals from regression of the log of early fatality (average deaths per reactor year) on the log of 16-km (10-mile) exposure index of persons at risk.

G.2 Log plot of early fatalities per reactor year within 16 km (10 miles) of 21 nuclear power plants [3300 MW(t) or greater], resulting from postulated accidents, regressed on log of exposure index (EI) for 16 km (10 miles)

G.3 Residuals from regression of log of normalized latent fatality (average deaths per 1000-MW reactor-year) on the log of 240-km (150-mile) exposure index of persons at risk

G.4 Residuals from regression of the log of normalized total dose (rem per 1000-MW reactor-year) on the log of 240-km (150-mile) exposure index of persons at risk

G.5 Log plot of normalized latent fatalities per 1000 MW(t) per reactor year of 28 nuclear power plants resulting from postulated accidents, regressed on log of exposure index (EI) at 240 km (150 miles)

G.6 Log plot of normalized total dose in person-rem per 1000 MW(t) per reactor year within 240 km (150 miles) of 28 nuclear power plants [3300 MW(t) or greater] resulting from postulated accidents, regressed on log of exposure index (EI)

G.7 Residuals from regression of the log of normalized expected cost (dollars per 1000-MW reactor-year) on the log of 240-km (150-mile) exposure index of persons at risk

G.8 Log plot of normalized expected cost per 1000 MW(t) per reactor year of 27 nuclear power plants [3300 MW(t) or greater] resulting from postulated accidents, regressed on the log of exposure index (EI).

G.9 Log plot of early fatalities (average deaths per reactor-year) for final environmental statement pressurized-water reactor plants, fitted regression line, and 95 percent normal-theory upper prediction confidence bounds.

G.10 Log plot of early fatalities (average deaths per reactor-year) for final environmental statement boiling-water reactor plants, fitted regression line, and 95 percent normal-theory upper prediction confidence bounds

G.11 Log plot of normalized latent fatalities (average deaths per 1000-MW reactor-year) for final environmental statement pressurized-water reactor plants, fitted regression line, and 95 percent distribution-free upper prediction confidence bounds

G.12 Log plot of normalized latent fatalities (average deaths per 1000-MW reactor-year) for final environmental statement boiling-water reactor plants, fitted regression line, and 95 percent distribution-free upper prediction confidence bounds

G.13 Log plot of normalized total dose (person-rem per 1000-MW reactor-year) for final environmental statement pressurized-water reactor plants, fitted regression line, and 95 percent distribution-free upper prediction confidence bounds

G.14 Log plot of normalized total dose (person-rem per 1000-MW reactor-year) for final environmental statement boiling-water reactor plants, fitted regression line, and 95 percent distribution-free upper prediction confidence bounds

G.15 Log plot of normalized expected cost (dollars per 1000-MW reactor-year) for final environmental statement pressurized-water reactor plants, fitted regression line, and 95 percent distribution-free upper prediction confidence bounds

G.16 Log plot of normalized expected cost (dollars per 1000-MW reactor-year) for final environmental statement boiling-water reactor plants, fitted regression line, and 95 percent distribution-free upper prediction confidence bounds

G.17 Cumulative proportions of the midyear license date for 16-km (10-mile) exposure index of persons at risk for final environmental statement plants and all other plants

G.18 Cumulative proportions of the midyear license for 240-km (150-mile) exposure index of persons at risk for final environmental statement plants and all other plants

Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Appendix A : General Characteristics and Environmental Settings of Domestic Nuclear Power Plants

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This section contains brief descriptions of each nuclear power plant site in the United States. The information was compiled from: (1) the plant safety analysis reports (SARs), (2) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission "Gray Book" (NUREG-0020), (3) site environmental reports, (4) environmental impact statements, (5) environmental assessments used to check data for cooling water system and site information, and (6) WASH-1319 used for selected data. Specific data that could not be found in these six sources were obtained from ORNL-NSIC-55.

Specific data sources are listed on the following page.

Source for General Information

Plant Name: SAR

Location: County and distance and direction from nearest town or city: NUREG-0020

Latitude and longitude: List provided by R. Rush, ORNL

Licensee: Utility as listed in NUREG-0020

Source for Information on Unit

Docket Number: NUREG-0020

Construction Permit: Nuclear Safety Journal, Power Reactor Licensing Activity

Operating License: Table A.1 of SECY-90-160 (NUREG-0020)

Commercial Operation: NUREG-0020

License Expiration: Table A.1 of SECY-90-160 (NUREG-0020)

Licensed Thermal Power [MW(t)]: NUREG-0020

Design Electrical Rating [net MW(e)]: NUREG-0020

Type of Reactor: NUREG-0020

Nuclear Steam Supply System Vendor: NUREG-0020

Source for Information on Cooling Water System

Type: SAR, NUREG-0020

Source: NUREG-0020

Source Temperature Range: SAR, ORNL-NSIC-55

Condenser Flow Rate: SAR, ORNL-NSIC-55

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: SAR, ORNL-NSIC-55

Intake Structure : SAR

Discharge Structure: SAR

Source for Information on Site

Total Area: SAR, WASH-1319

Exclusion Distance: SAR

Low Population Zone: SAR

Nearest City: SAR; 1980 population:*

Site Topography: SAR

Surrounding Area Topography: SAR

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): SAR

Nearby Features: SAR

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: WASH-1319

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:*

*Population data are taken from population projections developed for NRC by MITRE Corporation and made available to GEIS project.

Arkansas Nuclear One

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Location:

Pope County, Arkansas

10 km (6 miles) WNW of Russellville

latitude 35.3100°N; longitude 93.2308°W

Licensee: Arkansas Power and Light Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: Unit 1, once through

Source: Dardanelle Reservoir Unit 2, natural draft cooling tower

Source Temperature Range: 4-28°C (40-83°F)

Condenser Flow Rate:

48.3 m3/s (765,000 gal/min) for Unit 1

26.6 m3/s (422,000 gal/min) for Unit 2

Design Condenser Temperature Rise:

8.3°C (15°F) for Unit 1

17.1°C (30.7°F) for Unit 2

Intake Structure : 981-m (3220-ft) canal

Discharge Structure: 160-m (520-ft) canal

Site Information

Total Area: 469 ha (1160 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 1.05-km (0.65-mile) radius

Low Population Zone: 6.44-km (4.00-mile) radius

Nearest City: Little Rock; 1980 population: 159,159

Site Topography: flat

Surrounding Area Topography: hilly to mountainous

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): wooded

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Mill Creek 3 km (2 miles) NE. The size of the Dardanelle Reservoir is 15,000 ha (37,000 acres). The reservoir is part of the Arkansas River. The Missouri Pacific Railroad and U.S. Highway I-40 are just N of the site.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 1500 ha (3700 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Beaver Valley Power Station

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Location:

Beaver County, Pennsylvania

40 km (25 miles) NW of Pittsburgh

latitude 40.6219°N; longitude 80.4339°W

Licensee: Duquesne Light Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: natural draft cooling towers

Source: Ohio River

Source Temperature Range: 1.1-28°C (34-83°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 30.31 m3/s (480,400 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 14°C (26°F)

Intake Structure : concrete structure at river edge

Discharge Structure: at river edge

Site Information

Total Area: 203 ha (501 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.45 km (0.28 mile)

Low Population Zone: 5.79 km (3.60 miles)

Nearest City: Pittsburgh; 1980 population: 423,959

Site Topography: flat

Surrounding Area Topography: hilly

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): industrial and residential

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Midland 1.6 km (1 mile) NW. A large industrial area is about 1.6 km (1 mile) WNW. The Penn Central Railroad is adjacent to the site. Beaver Creek and

Raccoon Creek State Parks are within 16 km (10 miles).

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: uses existing corridor

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Bellefonte Nuclear Plant

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Location:

Jackson County, Alabama

11 km (7 miles) ENE of Scottsboro

latitude 34.7089°N; longitude 85.9275°W

Licensee: Tennessee Valley Authority

Cooling Water System

Type: natural draft cooling towers

Source: Guntersville Lake

Source Temperature Range: 5-27°C (41-81°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 26 m3/s (410,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 20°C (36°F)

Intake Structure : intake channel

Discharge Structure: submerged multi-port diffuser

Site Information

Total Area: 610 ha (1500 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.92-km (0.57-mile) minimum

Low Population Zone: 3.22 km (2.00 miles)

Nearest City: Huntsville; 1980 population: 142,513

Site Topography: flat valley

Surrounding Area Topography: hilly out of valley

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural and wooded

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Hollywood 5 km (3 miles) WNW. The Widows Creek coal-fired plant is 24 km (15 miles) NE. Guntersville Lake is on the Tennessee River.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 1200 ha (2900 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Big Rock Point Nuclear Plant

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Location:

Charlevoix County, Michigan

6 km (4 miles) NE of Charlevoix

latitude 45.3592°N; longitude 85.1947°W

Licensee: Consumers Power Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: once through

Source: Lake Michigan

Source Temperature Range: 3-20°C (38-68°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 3.1 m3/s (49,000 gal/min)

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 11°C (20°F)

Intake Structure : underwater crib

Discharge Structure: open discharge canal

Site Information

Total Area: 240 ha (600 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.82 km (0.51 mile)

Low Population Zone: 4.02 km (2.50 miles)

Nearest City: Sault Ste. Marie, Canada; 1980 population: 81,048

Site Topography: gently sloping

Surrounding Area Topography: gently sloping

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): commercial and industrial

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Charlevoix 6 km (4 miles) SW. The C&O Railroad is about 1.6 km (1 mile) SE. Lake Charlevoix is 5 km (3 miles) S.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor:

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Braidwood Station

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Location:

Will County, Illinois

39 km (24 miles) SSW of Joliet

latitude 41.2436°N; longitude 88.2297°W

Licensee: Commonwealth Edison Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: closed cycle cooling pond

Source: Kankakee River

Source Temperature Range: 0-31°C (32-87°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 46.05 m3/s (729,800 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 12°C (21°F)

Intake Structure : concrete structure at lake shore

Discharge Structure: surface discharge flume to lake

Site Information

Total Area: 1804 ha (4457 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.48-km (0.30-mile) minimum

Low Population Zone: 1.810 km (1.125 mile) radius

Nearest City: Joliet; 1980 population: 77,956

Site Topography: flat to rolling

Surrounding Area Topography: flat to rolling

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Godley 0.8 km (0.5 mile) SW. There are 4 state parks within 16 km (10 miles). Joliet Arsenal is about 13 km (8 miles) NE. Dresden Nuclear Power Station is about 16 km (10 miles) N and La Salle County Station (nuclear) is about 32 km (20 miles) WSW. The Illinois Central Gulf Railroad is just NW. U.S. Highway I-55 is about 3 km (2 miles) NW.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 961.5 ha (2376 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Station

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Location:

Limestone County, Alabama

16 km (10 miles) NW of Decatur

latitude 34.7042°N; longitude 87.1186°W

Licensee: Tennessee Valley Authority

Cooling Water System

Type: once through and helper towers

Source: Tennessee River

Source Temperature Range: 4-32°C (40-90°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 40 m3/s (630,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 14°C (25°F)

Intake Structure : concrete structure in small inlet

Discharge Structure: diffuser pipes

Site Information

Total Area: 340 ha (840 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 1.22-km (0.76-mile) radius

Low Population Zone: 11.3 km (7.00 miles)

Nearest City: Huntsville; 1980 population: 142,513

Site Topography: flat

Surrounding Area Topography: flat to rolling

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Lawngate 1.6 km (1 mile) NE. The Redstone Arsenal is 40 km (25 miles) E. The Southern Railroad is 10 km (6 miles) S and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad is 10 km (6 miles) E.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 546 ha (1350 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Brunswick Steam Electric Plant

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Location:

Brunswick County, North Carolina

26 km (16 miles) S of Wilmington

latitude 33.9583°N; longitude 78.0106°W

Licensee: Carolina Power and Light Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: once through

Source: Cape Fear River

Source Temperature Range: 4-30°C (40-86°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 42.6 m3/s (675,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 9°C (17°F)

Intake Structure : 5-km (3-mile) canal from Cape Fear River

Discharge Structure: 10-km (6-mile) canal to Atlantic Ocean

Site Information

Total Area: 490 ha (1200 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.92 km (0.57 mile)

Low Population Zone: 3.22 km (2.00 miles)

Nearest City: Wilmington; 1980 population: 44,000

Site Topography: flat

Surrounding Area Topography: flat

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): less than one-half agricultural, remainder swamps or wooded

Nearby Features:

Nearest town is Southport 5 km (3 miles) S. Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal is about 8 km (5 miles) N.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 1400 ha (3500 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Byron Station

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Location:

Ogle County, Illinois

27 km (17 miles) SW of Rockford

latitude 42.0750°N; longitude 89.2811°W

Licensee: Commonwealth Edison Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: natural draft cooling towers

Source: Rock River

Source Temperature Range:

Condenser Flow Rate: 39.9 m3/s (632,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 13°C (24°F)

Intake Structure : concrete structure on river bank

Discharge Structure: discharged to river

Site Information

Total Area: 565.8 ha (1398 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.42-km (0.26-mile) minimum

Low Population Zone: 4.83 km (3.00 miles)

Nearest City: Rockford; 1980 population: 139,712

Site Topography: rolling

Surrounding Area Topography: rolling

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Byron about 5 km (3 miles) NNE. The Chicago Milwaukee and the St. Paul and Pacific Railroads are about 6 km (4 miles) NNE. White Pines State Park is about 18 km (11 miles) WSW.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 800 ha (2000 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Callaway Plant

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Location:

Callaway County, Missouri

16 km (10 miles) SE of Fulton

latitude 38.7622°N; longitude 91.7817°W

Licensee: Union Electric Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: natural draft cooling tower

Source: Missouri River

Source Temperature Range:

Condenser Flow Rate: 33 m3/s (530,000 gal/min)

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 17°C (30°F)

Intake Structure : intake from river

Discharge Structure: discharged to river

Site Information

Total Area: 1290 ha (3188 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 1.21-km (0.75-mile) radius

Low Population Zone: 4.02 ha (2.50 miles)

Nearest City: Columbia; 1980 population: 62,061

Site Topography: flat, on a small plateau

Surrounding Area Topography: rolling to hilly

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): wooded, agricultural, and pasture

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Portland 8 km (5 miles) SE. The Missouri River is about 8 km (5 miles) S. The Missouri, Kansas, and Texas Railroad is about 5 km (3 miles) S and the Missouri Pacific Railroad is about 10 km (6 miles) S. U.S. Highway I-70 is about 16 km (10 miles) N.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 461 ha (1140 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant

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Location:

Calvert County, Maryland

56 km (35 miles) S of Annapolis

latitude 38.4347°N; longitude 76.4419°W

Licensee: Baltimore Gas and Electric Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: once through

Source: Chesapeake Bay

Source Temperature Range: 1-31°C (34-87°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 76 m3/s (1,200,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 6°C (10°F)

Intake Structure : about 170 m (560 ft) from shore

Discharge Structure: about 260 m (850 ft) from shore

Site Information

Total Area: 459 ha (1135 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 1.08-km (0.67-mile) radius

Low Population Zone:

Nearest City: Washington, D.C.; 1980 population: 638,432

Site Topography: rolling

Surrounding Area Topography: rolling

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural and wooded

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Long Beach 1.6 km (1 mile) NNW. Calvert Cliffs State Park is about 6 km (4 miles) SSE. A naval ordnance facility is 11 km (7 miles) SSW. Washington, D.C., is 72 km (45 miles) NW.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 805 ha (1990 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Catawba Nuclear Station

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Location:

York County, South Carolina

10 km (6 miles) NNW of Rock Hill

latitude 35.0514°N; longitude 81.0708°W

Licensee: Duke Power Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: mechanical draft cooling towers

Source: Lake Wylie

Source Temperature Range: 6-28°C (43-83°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 42 m3/s (660,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 13°C (24°F)

Intake Structure : skimmer wall on cove of the lake

Discharge Structure: on another cove of the lake

Site Information

Total Area: 158 ha (391 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.76-km (0.47-mile) radius

Low Population Zone: 6.12-km (3.80-mile) radius

Nearest City: Charlotte, North Carolina; 1980 population: 315,474

Site Topography: rolling

Surrounding Area Topography: rolling

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): wooded with recreational and permanent homes along the lake

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Rock Hill 10 km (6 miles) SSE. U.S. Highway I-77 is about 10 km (6 miles) E and I-85 is about 27 km (17 miles) N. The Southern Railway is 8 km (5 miles) S.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 236 ha (584 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Clinton Power Station

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Location:

De Witt County, Illinois

10 km (6 miles) E of Clinton

latitude 40.1731°N; longitude 88.8342°W

Licensee: Illinois Power Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: once through

Source: Salt Creek

Source Temperature Range: 0-28°C (32-83°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 35.8850 m3/s (568,701 gal/min)

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 13°C (23°F)

Intake Structure : concrete structure at shoreline of North Fork Salt Creek

Discharge Structure: 5-km (3-mile) flume discharging to Salt Creek

Site Information

Total Area: 5702 ha (14,090 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.97-km (0.60-mile) radius

Low Population Zone: 4.02-km (2.50-mile) radius

Nearest City: Decatur; 1980 population: 93,939

Site Topography: flat

Surrounding Area Topography: flat

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is De Witt 3 km (2 miles) ENE. Weldon Springs State Park is 10 km (6 miles) SW. The Illinois Central Gulf Railroad crosses the site. U.S. Highway I-74 is 18 km (11 miles) NE. A dam on Salt Creek near the site creates the reservoir for the cooling water system.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 367 ha (906 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Comanche Peak Steam Electric Station

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Location:

Somervell County, Texas

64 km (40 miles) SW of Fort Worth

latitude 32.2983°N; longitude 97.7856°W

Licensee: Texas Utilities Electric Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: once through

Source: Squaw Creek Reservoir

Source Temperature Range:

Condenser Flow Rate: 65 m3/s (1,030,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 8°C (15°F)

Intake Structure : on shore of reservoir

Discharge Structure: canal to reservoir

Site Information

Total Area: 3104 ha (7669 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 1.54-km (0.96-mile) minimum

Low Population Zone: 6.44-km (4.00-mile) radius

Nearest City: Fort Worth; 1980 population: 385,164

Site Topography: flat with hills rising from the reservoir

Surrounding Area Topography: rolling to hilly

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural, farm/ranch land, and range land

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Glen Rose 8 km (5 miles) SSE. Dinosaur Valley State Park is 8 km (5 miles) SW. A 66-cm (26-inch) oil pipeline is very near the site and a 91-cm (36-inch) natural gas line is about 3 km (2 miles) from the site.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 185 ha (458 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Donald C. Cook Nuclear Power Plant

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Location:

Berrien County, Michigan

16 km (10 miles) S of St. Joseph

latitude 41.9761°N; longitude 86.5664°W

Licensee: Indiana and Michigan Electric Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: once through

Source: Lake Michigan

Source Temperature Range: 1-23°C (34-74°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 50 m3/s (800,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 12°C (21°F)

Intake Structure : intake cribs 686 m (2250 ft) from shore

Discharge Structure: 381 m (1250 ft) from shore

Site Information

Total Area: 260 ha (650 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.61 km (0.38 mile)

Low Population Zone: 3.22 km (2.00 miles)

Nearest City: South Bend, Indiana; 1980 population: 109,727

Site Topography: rolling

Surrounding Area Topography: flat to rolling

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural and wooded

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Livingston 1.6 km (1 mile) SW. The Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad and U.S. Highway I-94 are just E of the site. Warren Dunes State Park is about 8 km (5 miles) SSW.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 1340 ha (3300 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Cooper Nuclear Station

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Location:

Nemaha County, Nebraska

37 km (23 miles) S of Nebraska City

latitude 40.3619°N; longitude 95.6411°W

Licensee: Nebraska Public Power District

Cooling Water System

Type: once through

Source: Missouri River

Source Temperature Range: 1-23°C (34-73°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 39.8 m3/s (631,000 gal/min)

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 10°C (18°F)

Intake Structure : at shoreline

Discharge Structure: at shoreline

Site Information

Total Area: 441 ha (1090 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 1.09 (0.68 mile)

Low Population Zone: 1.61-km (1.00-mile) radius

Nearest City: Lincoln; 1980 population: 171,932

Site Topography: flat

Surrounding Area Topography: flat

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Nemaha about 1.6 km (1 mile) S. A railroad runs just W of the site. Indian Cave State Park is about 13 km (8 miles) SSE.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 2777 ha (6862 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Crystal River Nuclear Plant

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Location:

Citrus County, Florida

11 km (7 miles) NW of Crystal River

latitude 28.9572°N; longitude 82.6989°W

Licensee: Florida Power Corp.

Cooling Water System

Type: once through

Source: Gulf of Mexico

Source Temperature Range: 31°C (87°F) maximum

Condenser Flow Rate: 43 m3/s (680,000 gal/min)

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 9.5°C (17.1°F)

Intake Structure : 4900 m (16,000 ft) from shoreline

Discharge Structure: 4000-m (13,000-ft) canal

Site Information

Total Area: 1917 ha (4738 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 1.34-km (0.83-mile) radius

Low Population Zone: 8.05 km (5.00 miles)

Nearest City: Gainesville; 1980 population: 81,371

Site Topography: swamps and marshland

Surrounding Area Topography: flat

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): wooded and pasture land

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Crystal River about 11 km (7 miles) SE. Units 1 and 2 are coal-fired plants and share a common intake and discharge with the nuclear unit.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 866 ha (2140 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station

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Location:

Ottawa County, Ohio

34 km (21 miles) E of Toledo

latitude 41.5972°N; longitude 83.0864°W

Licensee: Toledo Edison Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: natural draft cooling tower

Source: Lake Erie

Source Temperature Range: 1-23°C (34-74°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 30 m3/s (480,000 gal/min)

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 14°C (26°F)

Intake Structure : submerged intake about 900 m (3000 ft) offshore

Discharge Structure: submerged discharge about 280 m (930 ft) offshore

Site Information

Total Area: 386 ha (954 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.72-km (0.45-mile) radius

Low Population Zone: 3.22 km (2.00 miles)

Nearest City: Toledo; 1980 population: 354,635

Site Topography: flat

Surrounding Area Topography: flat

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural with marshland around site

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Oak Harbor about 10 km (6 miles) SW. Several wildlife refuge areas are within 8 km (5 miles) of the site.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 730 ha (1800 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant

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Location:

San Luis Obispo County, California

19 km (12 miles) W of San Luis Obispo

latitude 35.2117°N; longitude 120.8544°W

Licensee: Pacific Gas and Electric Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: once through

Source: Pacific Ocean

Source Temperature Range: 10-17°C (50-63°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 54.5 m3/s (863,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 10°C (18°F)

Intake Structure : reinforced-concrete structure located at shore line in a cove with artificial breakwater wall

Discharge Structure: reinforced-concrete structure drops water in stair step type weir overflow from elevation 21 m (70 ft) to the ocean and discharges on the surface at the shore line

Site Information

Total Area: 300 ha (750 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.80 km (0.50 mile)

Low Population Zone: 9.66 km (6.00 miles)

Nearest City: Santa Barbara; 1980 population: 74,542

Site Topography: hilly

Surrounding Area Topography: hilly to mountainous

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): undeveloped and wooded

Nearby Features:

Site is remote, the nearest town being San Luis Obispo 19 km (12 miles) E. Beaches 11-24 km (7-15 miles) ESE have an influx of summer visitors. Pismo Beach State Park and Morro Bay State Park are within 24 km (15 miles). Vandenberg Air Base is 56 km (35 miles) ESE.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 2400 ha (6000 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Dresden Nuclear Power Station

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Location:

Grundy County, Illinois

14 km (9 miles) E of Morris

latitude 41.3897°N; longitude 88.2711°W

Licensee: Commonwealth Edison Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: cooling lake & spray canal

Source: Kankakee River

Source Temperature Range: 4-29°C (40-85°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 29.7 m3/s (471,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise:

Intake Structure: canal from Kankakee River to a crib house

Discharge Structure: A canal carries water to a cooling lake of about 520 ha (1275 acres) with a hold-up time of about 3 days. The water then divides, some going to the Illinois River and some returns to the plant. Spray modules are floated in the canals.

Site Information

Total Area: 386 ha (953 acres) plus 516-ha (1275-acre) cooling lake

Exclusion Distance: 0.80-km (0.50-mile) radius

Low Population Zone: 8.00 km (4.97 miles)

Nearest City: Joliet; 1980 population: 77,956

Site Topography: flat

Surrounding Area Topography: rolling prairie

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agriculture

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Channahon 5 km (3 miles) NNE. The General Electric Nuclear Power Plant Training Center is S of the site. A large abandoned strip mine is located in the area. Braidwood Station nuclear plant is about 16 km (10 miles) S and La Salle County Station nuclear plant is about 35 km (22 miles) SW. An army ammunition plant is about 11 km (7 miles) E.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 911 ha (2250 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Duane Arnold Energy Center

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Location:

Linn County, Iowa

13 km (8 miles) NW of Cedar Rapids

latitude 42.1006°N; longitude 91.7772°W

Licensee: Iowa Electric Light and Power Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: mechanical draft cooling towers

Source: Cedar River

Source Temperature Range: 0-32°C (32-89°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 18 m3/s (290,000 gal/min)

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 14°C (25°F)

Intake Structure : structure on river shoreline

Discharge Structure: canal to shoreline

Site Information

Total Area: 200 ha (500 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.43 km (0.27 mile)

Low Population Zone: 9.66 km (6.00 miles)

Nearest City: Cedar Rapids; 1980 population: 110,243

Site Topography: flat

Surrounding Area Topography: rolling and hilly

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Palo about 3 km (2 miles) SW. Several wildlife refuge areas are within 16 km (10 miles) of the site.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 469 ha (1160 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Joseph M. Farley Nuclear Plant

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Location:

Houston County, Alabama

26 km (16 miles) E of Dothan

latitude 31.2228°N; longitude 85.1125°W

Licensee: Alabama Power Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: mechanical draft cooling towers

Source: Chattahoochee River

Source Temperature Range: 30°C (86°F) maximum

Condenser Flow Rate: 40.1 m3/s (635,000 gal/min) each unit

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 11°C (20°F)

Intake Structure : intake from river bank via a storage pond

Discharge Structure: at river bank

Site Information

Total Area: 749 ha (1850 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 1.26 km (0.78 mile)

Low Population Zone: 3.22 km (2.00 miles)

Nearest City: Columbus, Georgia; 1980 population: 169,441

Site Topography: flat to rolling

Surrounding Area Topography: rolling

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): agricultural and wooded

Nearby Features:

The nearest town is Columbia about 6 km (4 miles) N. Chattahoochee State Park is about 19 km (12 miles) S.

Area of Transmission Line Corridor: 2140 ha (5300 acres)

Population within an 80-km (50-mile) radius:

Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant

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Location:

Monroe County, Michigan

48 km (30 miles) SW of Detroit

latitude 41.9631°N; longitude 83.2578°W

Licensee: Detroit Edison Co.

Cooling Water System

Type: natural draft cooling towers

Source: Lake Erie

Source Temperature Range: 1-24°C (34-76°F)

Condenser Flow Rate: 52.80 m3/s (836,700 gal/min)

Design Condenser Temperature Rise: 10°C (18°F)

Intake Structure : at edge of lake

Discharge Structure: to the lake via a 20-ha (50-acre) pond

Site Information

Total Area: 453 ha (1120 acres)

Exclusion Distance: 0.92 km (0.57 mile)

Low Population Zone: 4.83 km (3.00 miles)

Nearest City: Detroit; 1980 population: 1,203,368

Site Topography: flat

Surrounding Area Topography: flat to rolling

Land Use within 8 km (5 miles): mostly agricultural

Nearby Features:

The town of Stony Point is adjacent to