Information Notice No. 98-39: Summary of Fitness-For-Duty Program Performance Reports for Calendar Years 1996 and 1997
UNITED STATES
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REACTOR REGULATION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20555-0001
October 30, 1998
| Information Notice No. 98-39: | SUMMARY OF FITNESS-FOR-DUTY PROGRAM PERFORMANCE REPORTS FOR CALENDAR YEARS 1996 AND 1997 |
Addressees
All holders of operating licenses for nuclear power reactors.
Purpose
This information notice is intended to present a summary and analysis of the data submitted by licensees in their Fitness-for-Duty (FFD) Program Performance Reports for Calendar Years 1996 and 1997.
Background
Since the inception of the Fitness-for-Duty Rule (10 CFR Part 26), licensees have submitted program performance reports to the NRC as required by 10 CFR 26.71(d). In the past, the NRC has summarized and analyzed the data submitted by the licensees and published an annual volume, NUREG/CR-5758, "Fitness for Duty in the Nuclear Power Industry — Annual Summary of Program Performance Reports CY (XX)."
This information notice presents, for 1996 and 1997, similar information to that supplied in the past in NUREG/CR-5758. Attachment 1 presents tables of Fitness-for-Duty statistics for these years.
Discussion
Some of the lessons learned and management initiatives reported by licensees for 1996 and 1997 are discussed in the material that follows.
(1) Certified Laboratories
Several utilities reported problems involving blind samples and certified laboratories:
- Most unsatisfactory testing results are caused by inadequate laboratory procedures, clerical mistakes, errors by laboratory technicians, and poor quality control during formulation of blind samples.
- One laboratory failed to provide consistently accurate results in testing blind samples during the preliminary phase of contract negotiation.
- Several licensees reported false negative results because the seal on the container lid had adsorbed the THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) from the specimen, reducing the THC concentration in the sample to below the cutoff level.
- False negatives also resulted because the blind samples had aged to the point that the spiking chemicals had begun to break down and, therefore, did not register a positive result.
- False negatives resulted when the laboratory was not properly informed about the specific chemicals or concentration levels for which the samples were to be tested.
- A false negative was reported because the blind sample had been spiked with oxazepam rather than with the nordiazepam for which the laboratory tested.
- Some licensees have adopted a more stringent cutoff level of 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml) rather than the former cutoff level of 100 ng/ml for a positive marijuana test result. But one utility reported a false negative result because the laboratory that had prepared the blind sample spiked it at the 50-ng/ml level rather than at the 100-ng/ml level designated by the utility.
(2) Random Testing
Incidents continue to be reported that employees are improperly notified in advance of random testing and that some employees fail to report promptly for testing when properly notified.
Several utilities reported that some employees who should have been included in the random testing pool database had not been included:
- People were omitted from the pool, sometimes due to failure to monitor the database as people come and go, or due to failure to re-enter people after an absence.
- An employee had not been reentered into the database after that employee returned from a 30-day absence (employee's badge had not been used for 30 days).
- The computer program software being used to manage both the FFD test data and the random testing pool database did not retain the test data associated with those people who had been recently removed from the database during the reporting period.
- A computer program used for managing the random testing pool database randomly and inappropriately deleted individuals from the database.
- A software error made during a program upgrade process resulted in a random testing rate less than 50 percent when the sampling procedure was switched from composite sampling to simple sampling.
- Flaws in computer programming omitted some categories of workers from the testing pool.
In one case, during a software upgrade, a change to the program made by security personnel in transferring data from the security database to the Fitness-for-Duty database left two categories of workers (nearly 150 people) out of the random testing pool.
(3) Policies and Procedures
Several utilities reported taking initiatives to improve their FFD programs by eliminating unnecessary and redundant procedures in some areas but improving procedures in other areas:
- Procedural errors occurred at several sites, including failure to follow documented procedures intended to ensure that the chain-of-custody process protected the integrity of samples. In one case, a box of samples was lost and had to be re-collected after a courier set the box on the ground while he unlocked his car and then drove away, leaving the box in the parking lot. In another case, a new agency hired to collect specimens did not complete the chain-of-custody forms accurately.
- At another site, FFD administrators used employee work schedules to determine if a person was available for testing, instead of contacting the employee's supervisor. As a result, one individual was not tested even though he was, in fact, at work that day.
- One licensee modified its procedures when an independent review noted that a person who was notified to provide a "for-cause" specimen was not escorted.
- A utility improved its Medical Review Officer (MRO) review procedures so that, when an originally negative drug screen determination was reversed by a second MRO, the MROs were instructed to seek and document consensus before making a final classification.
- An employee who reports having been arrested for substance abuse would have to submit to a for-cause drug test and would be referred for evaluation by the mental health professional of the employee assistance program.
- On occasion, an individual who has been randomly selected to provide a specimen for testing may be excused from providing that specimen. A utility reports that it uses a computer program to identify trends and abuses of such excuses.
- A 100 percent testing policy was adopted by a utility after noting what was considered to be a significant increase in the number of positive random test results. In this instance, a licensed reactor operator and two supervisors tested positive. The new policy also required all employees to have additional training in behavioral observation and in the employee assistance program.
- The medical use of marijuana has been approved in certain jurisdictions. A utility has told its employees that such approval will have no effect on the utility's Fitness-for-Duty program, and this position has been incorporated in the general employee training program.
(4) Program and Systems Management
- One utility reported a failure to perform required background checks and psychological evaluations of some personnel who were involved in the administration of the Fitness-for-Duty program. The implementing procedures had not specified which positions were subject to these investigations.
- Appropriate training in behavioral observation techniques is required by 10 CFR 26.22 for managers and supervisors. More than one utility reported having individuals on site who had not received the required current training.
- Management vigilance over FFD program assumptions enabled one licensee to discover that a change in the plastic material from which specimen containers were manufactured allowed tamper-proof seals to be peeled off without leaving evidence of tampering; the new plastic had a slicker surface.
This information notice requires no specific action or written response. If you have any questions about the information in this notice, please contact the technical contact listed below or the Regional Administrator of the appropriate Regional Office of the NRC.
| | /s/'d by Jack W. Roe, Acting Director
Division of Reactor Program Management
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation |
| Technical Contact: | Loren L. Bush, Jr., NRR
301-415-2944
E-mail: llb@nrc.gov |
(NUDOCS Accession Number 9810270210)
ATTACHMENT 1
Test results for each test category, 1996 and 1997
| TEST CATEGORY | 1996 | 1997 |
| NUMBER OF TESTS | POSITIVE TESTS | PERCENT POSITIVE | NUMBER OF TESTS | POSITIVE TESTS | PERCENT POSITIVE |
| Pre-Access | 81,041 | 1,132 | 1.40% | 84,320 | 1,096 | 1.30% |
| Random | 62,307 | 202 | 0.32% | 60,829 | 172 | 0.28% |
| For-Cause | 848 | 138 | 16.27% | 722 | 149 | 20.64% |
| Follow-Up | 3,262 | 40 | 1.23% | 3,296 | 31 | 0.94% |
| TOTAL | 147,458 | 1,512 | 1.03% | 149,167 | 1,448 | 0.97% |
1996 Test result for each test category and work category
(January through December 1996)
| TEST CATEGORY | LICENSEE EMPLOYEES | LONG-TERM CONTRACTORS | SHORT-TERM CONTRACTORS | TOTAL |
| Pre-Access | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 9,901
94
0.95% | 1,075
13
1.21% | 70,065
1,025
1.46% | 81,041
1,132
1.40% |
| Random | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 44,183
94
0.21% | 1,916
4
0.21% | 16,208
104
0.64% | 62,307
202
0.32% |
| For-Cause | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 368
35
9.51% | 15
4
26.67% | 465
99
21.29% | 848
138
16.27% |
| Follow-Up | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 1,935
21
1.09% | 33
0
0.00% | 1,294
19
1.47% | 3,262
40
1.23% |
| TOTAL* | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 56,387
244
0.43% | 3,039
21
0.69% | 88,032
1,247
1.42% | 147,458
1,512
1.03% |
* Test results in the "Other" test category are not included.
1996 Test results by NUMARC form test category
(January through December 1996)
| TEST CATEGORY | FIRST
SIX MONTHS | SECOND
SIX MONTHS | YEAR |
| Pre-Access | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 40,188
531
1.32% | 40,853
601
1.47% | 81,041
1,132
1.40% |
| Random | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 31,790
95
0.30% | 30,517
107
0.35% | 62,307
202
0.32% |
For-Cause
Observed Behavior | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 313
61
19.49% | 308
75
24.35% | 621
136
21.90% |
| Post-Accident | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 149
0
0.00% | 78
2
2.56% | 227
2
0.88% |
| Follow-Up | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 1,695
20
1.18% | 1,567
20
1.28% | 3,262
40
1.23% |
| TOTAL* | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 1,047
14
1.34% | 1,035
23
2.22% | 2,082
37
1.78% |
| TOTAL without OTHER category | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 74,135
707
0.95% | 73,323
805
1.10% | 147,458
1,512
1.03% |
* These totals have been calculated using the category "Other," however, this category has been purposely omitted from calculations for the totals and percentages throughout the body of this report.
1996 Test results for licensee employees and contractor personnel
(January through December 1996)
| TEST CATEGORY | LICENSEE EMPLOYEES | CONTRACTORS
(Long-Term/Short Term) |
First
Six Months | Second
Six Months | Year | First
Six Months | Second
Six Months | Year |
| Pre-Access | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 5,167
40
0.77% | 4,734
54
1.14% | 9,901
94
0.95% | 35,021
491
1.40% | 36,119
547
1.51% | 71,140
1,038
1.46% |
| Random | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 22,872
47
0.21% | 21,311
47
0.22% | 44,183
94
0.21% | 8,918
48
0.54% | 9,206
60
0.65% | 18,124
108
0.60% |
For-Cause
Observed Behavior | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 135
15
11.11% | 109
19
17.43% | 244
34
13.93% | 178
46
25.84% | 199
56
28.14% | 377
102
27.06% |
| Post-Accident | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 84
0
0.00% | 40
1
2.50% | 124
1
0.81% | 65
0
0.00% | 38
1
2.63% | 103
1
0.97% |
| Follow-Up | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 956
8
0.84% | 979
13
1.33% | 1,935
21
1.09% | 739
12
1.62% | 588
7
1.19% | 1,327
19
1.43% |
| Other | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 587
3
0.51% | 414
4
0.97% | 1,001
7
0.70% | 460
11
2.39% | 621
19
3.06% | 1,081
30
2.78% |
| TOTAL* | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 29,801
113
0.38% | 27,587
138
0.50% | 57,388
251
0.44% | 45,381
608
1.34% | 46,771
690
1.48% | 92,152
1,298
1.41% |
| TOTAL without OTHER category | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 29,214
110
0.38% | 27,173
134
0.49% | 56,387
244
0.43% | 44,921
597
1.33% | 46,150
671
1.45% | 91,071
1,268
1.39% |
* These totals have been calculated using the category "Other."
1996 Test results for long-term and short-term contractor personnel
(January through December 1996)
| TEST CATEGORY | LONG-TERM CONTRACTORS | SHORT-TERM CONTRACTORS |
First
Six Months | Second
Six Months | Year | First
Six Months | Second
Six Months | Year |
| Pre-Access | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 515
5
0.97% | 560
8
1.43% | 1,075
13
1.21% | 34,506
486
1.41% | 35,559
539
1.52% | 70,065
1,025
1.46% |
| Random | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 927
2
0.22% | 989
2
0.20% | 1,916
4
0.21% | 7,991
46
0.58% | 8,217
58
0.71% | 16,208
104
0.64% |
For-Cause
Observed Behavior | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 7
3
42.86% | 5
1
20.00% | 12
4
33.33% | 171
43
25.15% | 194
55
28.35% | 365
98
26.85% |
| Post-Accident | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 3
0
0.00% | 0
0
N/A | 3
0
0.00% | 62
0
0.00% | 38
1
2.63% | 100
1
1.00% |
| Follow-Up | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 11
0
0.00% | 22
0
0.00% | 33
0
0.00% | 728
12
1.65% | 566
7
1.24% | 1,294
19
1.47% |
| Other | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 20
0
0.00% | 81
2
2.47% | 101
2
1.98% | 440
11
2.50% | 540
17
3.15% | 980
28
2.86% |
| TOTAL* | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 1,483
10
0.67% | 1,657
13
0.78% | 3,140
23
0.73% | 43,898
598
1.36% | 45,114
677
1.50% | 89,012
1,275
1.43% |
| TOTAL without OTHER category | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 1,463
10
0.68% | 1,576
11
0.70% | 3,039
21
0.69% | 43,458
587
1.35% | 44,574
660
1.48% | 88,032
1,247
1.42% |
* These totals have been calculated using the category "Other," however, this category has been purposely omitted from calculations for the totals and percentages throughout the body of this report.
1996 Number of confirmed positives by substance
(January through December 1996)
| TYPE OF SUBSTANCE | FIRST SIX MONTHS | SECOND SIX MONTHS | TOTAL |
| Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent |
| Marijuana | 417 | 57.12% | 451 | 53.69% | 868 | 55.29% |
| Cocaine | 160 | 21.92% | 192 | 22.86% | 352 | 22.42% |
| Opiates | 7 | 0.96% | 7 | 0.83% | 14 | 0.89% |
| Amphetami | 18 | 2.47% | 35 | 4.17% | 53 | 3.38% |
| Phencyclidi | 2 | 0.27% | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.13% |
| Alcohol | 126 | 17.26% | 155 | 18.45% | 281 | 17.90% |
| TOTAL* | 730 | | 840 | | 1570 | |
* These numbers include positive test results from the "Other" test category.
1996 Confirmed positives test results by substance for each worker category
(January through December 1996)
| TYPE OF SUBSTANCE | LICENSEE EMPLOYEES | CONTRACTORS
(Long-Term/Short-Term) |
| Number | Percent | Number | Percent |
| Marijuana | 117 | 46.80% | 751 | 56.89% |
| Cocaine | 61 | 24.40% | 291 | 22.05% |
| Opiates | 2 | 0.80% | 12 | 0.91% |
| Amphetamines | 6 | 2.40% | 47 | 3.56% |
| Phencyclidine | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.15% |
| Alcohol | 64 | 25.60% | 217 | 16.44% |
| TOTAL* | 250 | | 1320 | |
* These numbers include positive test results from the "Other" test category.
1997 Test result for each test category and work category (January through December 1997)
| TEST CATEGORY | LICENSEE EMPLOYEES | LONG-TERM CONTRACTORS | SHORT-TERM CONTRACTORS | TOTAL |
| Pre-Access | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 11,195
62
0.55% | 1,269
17
1.34% | 71,856
1,017
1.42% | 84,320
1,096
1.30% |
| Random | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 42,011
76
0.18% | 2,231
6
0.27% | 16,587
90
0.54% | 60,829
172
0.28% |
| For-Cause | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 315
35
11.11% | 23
6
26.09% | 384
108
28.13% | 722
149
20.64% |
| Follow-Up | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 1,881
14
0.74% | 86
0
0.00% | 1,329
17
1.28% | 3,296
31
0.94% |
| TOTAL* | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 55,402
187
0.34% | 3,609
29
0.80% | 90,156
1,232
1.37% | 149,167
1,448
0.97% |
* Test results in the "Other" test category are not included.
1997 Test results by NUMARC form test category
(January through December 1997)
| TEST CATEGORY | FIRST
SIX MONTHS | SECOND
SIX MONTHS | YEAR |
| Pre-Access | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 46,759
617
1.32% | 37,561
479
1.28% | 84,320
1,096
1.30% |
| Random | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 31,697
99
0.31% | 29,132
73
0.25% | 60,829
172
0.28% |
For-Cause
Observed Behavior | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 301
80
26.58% | 230
64
27.83% | 531
144
27.12% |
| Post-Accident | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 117
2
1.71% | 74
3
4.05% | 191
5
2.62% |
| Follow-Up | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 1,798
21
1.17% | 1,498
10
0.67% | 3,296
31
0.94% |
| TOTAL* | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 81,617
844
1.03% | 69,478
640
0.92% | 151,095
1,484
0.98% |
| TOTAL without OTHER category | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 80,672
819
1.02% | 68,495
629
0.92% | 149,167
1,448
0.97% |
* These totals have been calculated using the category "Other," however, this category has been purposely omitted from calculations for the totals and percentages throughout the body of this report.
1997 Test results for licensee employees and contractor personnel
(January through December 1997)
| TEST CATEGORY | LICENSEE EMPLOYEES | CONTRACTORS
(Long-Term/Short Term) |
|---|
First
Six Months | Second
Six Months | Year | First
Six Months | Second
Six Months | Year |
| Pre-Access | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 6,290
30
0.48% | 4,905
32
0.65% | 11,195
62
0.55% | 40,469
587
1.45% | 32,656
447
1.37% | 73,125
1,034
1.41% |
| Random | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 21,642
45
0.21% | 20,369
31
0.15% | 42,011
76
0.18% | 10,055
54
0.54% | 8,763
42
0.48% | 18,818
96
0.51% |
For-Cause
Observed Behavior | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 116
14
12.07% | 92
20
21.74% | 208
34
16.35% | 185
66
35.68% | 138
44
31.88% | 323
110
34.06% |
| Post-Accident | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 58
0
0.00% | 49
1
2.04% | 107
1
0.93% | 59
2
3.39% | 25
2
8.00% | 84
4
4.76% |
| Follow-Up | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 960
7
0.73% | 921
7
0.76% | 1,881
14
0.74% | 838
14
1.67% | 577
3
0.52% | 1,415
17
1.20% |
| Other | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 403
4
0.99% | 428
4
0.93% | 831
8
0.96% | 542
21
3.87% | 555
7
1.26% | 1,097
28
2.55% |
| TOTAL* | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 29,469
100
0.34% | 26,764
95
0.35% | 56,233
195
0.96% | 52,148
744
1.43% | 42,714
545
1.28% | 94,862
1,289
1.36% |
| TOTAL without OTHER category | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 29,066
96
0.33% | 26,336
92
0.35% | 55,402
187
0.34% | 51,606
723
1.40% | 42,159
538
1.28% | 93,765
1,261
1.34% |
* These totals have been calculated using the category "Other."
1997 Test results for long-term and short-term contractor personnel
(January through December 1997)
| TEST CATEGORY | LONG-TERM CONTRACTORS | SHORT-TERM CONTRACTORS |
First
Six Months | Second
Six Months | Year | First
Six Months | Second
Six Months | Year |
| Pre-Access | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 677
5
0.74% | 592
12
2.03% | 1,269
17
1.34% | 39,792
582
1.46% | 32,064
435
1.36% | 71,856
1,017
1.42% |
| Random | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 1,133
4
0.35% | 1,098
2
0.18% | 2,231
6
0.27% | 8,922
50
0.56% | 7,665
40
0.52% | 16,587
90
0.54% |
For-Cause
Observed Behavior | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 9
4
44.44% | 7
2
28.57% | 16
6
37.50% | 176
62
35.23% | 131
42
32.06% | 307
104
33.88% |
| Post-Accident | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 7
0
0.00% | 0
0
N/A | 7
0
0.00% | 52
2
3.85% | 25
2
8.00% | 77
4
5.19% |
| Follow-Up | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 24
0
0.00% | 62
0
0.00% | 86
0
0.00% | 814
14
1.72% | 515
3
0.58% | 1,329
17
1.28% |
| Other | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 18
1
5.56% | 51
0
0.00% | 69
1
1.45% | 524
20
3.82% | 504
7
1.39% | 1,028
27
2.63% |
| TOTAL* | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 1,868
14
0.75% | 1,810
16
0.88% | 3,678
30
0.82% | 50,280
730
1.45% | 40,904
529
1.29% | 91,184
1,259
1.38% |
| TOTAL without OTHER category | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 1,850
13
0.70% | 1,759
16
0.91% | 3,609
29
0.80% | 49,756
710
1.43% | 40,400
522
1.29% | 90,156
1,232
1.37% |
* These totals have been calculated using the category "Other," however, this category has been purposely omitted from calculations for the totals and percentages throughout the body of this report.
1997 Number of confirmed positives by substance
(January through December 1997)
| TYPE OF SUBSTANCE | FIRST SIX MONTHS | SECOND SIX MONTHS | TOTAL |
| Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent |
| Marijuana | 487 | 55.28% | 355 | 54.87% | 842 | 55.10% |
| Cocaine | 180 | 20.43% | 156 | 24.11% | 336 | 21.99% |
| Opiates | 28 | 3.18% | 11 | 1.70% | 39 | 2.55% |
| Amphetami | 32 | 3.63% | 17 | 2.63% | 49 | 3.21% |
| Phencyclidi | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Alcohol | 154 | 17.48% | 108 | 16.69% | 262 | 17.15% |
| TOTAL* | 881 | | 647 | | 1528 | |
* These numbers include positive test results from the "Other" test category.
1997 Confirmed positives test results by substance for each worker category
(January through December 1997)
| TYPE OF SUBSTANCE | LICENSEE EMPLOYEES | CONTRACTORS
(Long-Term/Short-Term) |
| Number | Percent | Number | Percent |
| Marijuana | 90 | 42.06% | 752 | 57.23% |
| Cocaine | 39 | 18.22% | 297 | 22.60% |
| Opiates | 23 | 10.75% | 16 | 1.22% |
| Amphetamines | 8 | 3.74% | 41 | 3.12% |
| Phencyclidine | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Alcohol | 54 | 25.23% | 208 | 15.83% |
| TOTAL* | 214 | | 1314 | |
These numbers include positive test results from the "Other" test category.
Significant fitness-for-duty events (1990-1997)
| Type of Event | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | Total |
| Reactor Operators | 19 | 16 | 18 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 93 |
| Licensee Supervisors | 26 | 16 | 22 | 25 | 11 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 151 |
| Contract Supervisors | 12 | 24 | 28 | 16 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 119 |
| FFD Program Personnel | 1 | 5 | | | 1 | | 2 | | 9 |
| Substances Found | 6 | 8 | 6 | 2 | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 36 |
| Total | 64 | 69 | 74 | 51 | 30 | 39 | 42 | 39 | 408 |
Trends in testing by test type (1990-1997)
| Type of Test | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | Total |
| Pre-Access | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 122,491
1,548
1.26% | 104,508
983
0.94% | 104,842
1,110
1.06% | 91,471
952
1.04% | 80,217
977
1.22% | 79,305
1,122
1.41% | 81,041
1,132
1.40% | 84,320
1,096
1.30% | 748,195
8,920
1.19% |
| Random | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 148,743
550
0.37% | 153,818
510
0.33% | 156,730
461
0.29% | 146,605
341
0.23% | 78,391
223
0.28% | 66,791
180
0.27% | 62,307
202
0.32% | 60,829
172
0.28% | 874,214
2,639
0.30% |
| For-Cause | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 732
214
29.23% | 727
167
22.97% | 696
178
25.57% | 751
163
21.70% | 758
122
16.09% | 763
139
18.22% | 848
138
16.27% | 722
149
20.64% | 5,997
1,270
21.18% |
| Follow-Up | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 2,633
65
2.47% | 3,544
62
1.75% | 4,283
69
1.61% | 4,139
56
1.35% | 3,875
50
1.29% | 3,262
35
1.07% | 3,262
40
1.23% | 3,296
31
0.94% | 28,294
408
1.44% |
| TOTAL | |
| | Number Tested
Number Positive
Percent Positive | 274,599
2,377
0.87% | 262.597
1,722
0.66% | 266,551
1,818
0.68% | 242,966
1,512
0.62% | 163,241
1,372
0.84% | 150,121
1,476
0.98% | 147,458
1,512
1.03% | 149,167
1,448
0.97% | 1,656,700
13,237
0.80% |
Trends in substances identified (1990-1997)
| Substance | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
| Marijuana | 1,153 | 746 | 953 | 781 | 739 | 819 | 868 | 842 |
| Cocaine | 706 | 549 | 470 | 369 | 344 | 374 | 352 | 336 |
| Alcohol | 452 | 401 | 427 | 357 | 251 | 265 | 281 | 262 |
| Amphetamines | 69 | 31 | 31 | 51 | 54 | 61 | 53 | 49 |
| Opiates | 45 | 24 | 8 | 13 | 11 | 17 | 14 | 39 |
| Phencyclidine | 8 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 0 |
| Total* | 2,433 | 1,762 | 1,893 | 1,576 | 1,400 | 1,543 | 1,570 | 1,528 |
* These totals do not equal the total number of positives for each year due to positives for multiple substances and other substances than those listed above.
Trends in positive test rates for workers with unescorted access (1990-1997)*
| | Positive Test Rate |
| 1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997 | 0.54%
0.47%
0.44%
0.37%
0.48%
0.50%
0.57%
0.54% |
* Includes random, for-cause, and follow-up testing results. The reduction in random test rate from 100% to 50% has been in effect since 1994.G
| Reporting unit contacts by NRC region |
| REGION I | REGION II | REGION III | REGION IV |
|---|
Beaver Valley
Eugene P. Edwards
(412) 393-5238 Calvert Cliffs
F. Bruce Martenis
(410) 234-6162 FitzPatrick
Carol A. Soucy
(315) 349-6412 Ginna
Lynn I. Hauck
(716) 771-2232 Haddam Neck
Gordon Hallberg
(860) 665-3384 Indian Point 1 & 2
J. Mark Drexel
(914) 271-7418 Indian Point 3
Dale Plumer
(914) 788-2195 Limerick
David M. Sarley
(215) 841-5703 | Bellefonte
Becky Stanfield
(423) 751-8822 Browns Ferry
Becky Stanfield
(423) 751-8822 Brunswick
Fred Underwood
(919) 546-6180 Catawba
Sheila Lowry-Minor
(803) 831-3881 Crystal River
Margaret L. Moore, MD
(352) 563-4355 Farley
Elizabeth McDougal
(205) 992-5707 Harris
Fred Underwood
(919) 546-6180 Hatch
Dianne A. Coley
(205) 992-7231 | Big Rock Point
J.A. Smith
(517) 788-7072 Braidwood
Judith C. Papaleo
(630) 663-6565 Byron
Judith C. Papaleo
(630) 663-6565 Clinton
Gary S. Kephart
(217) 935-8881 Cook
Kathleen Burkett
(616) 466-3335 Davis Besse
J.L. Freels
(419) 321-8466 Dresden
Judith C. Papaleo
(630) 663-6565 Duane Arnold
Diane Engelhardt
(319) 851-7280 | Arkansas Nuclear One
Kenneth D. Jeffrey
(501) 858-7846 Callaway
Patricia Davis
(573) 676-4300 Comanche Peak
James E. Brown
(254) 897-8912 Cooper
Jannette Harrington
(402) 825-5429 Diablo Canyon
William F. Ryan
(805) 545-3329 Fort Calhoun
Colleen L. Burke
(402) 636-3028 Grand Gulf
Donna Williams
(601) 437-2481 Palo Verde
Mary Maddix
(602) 393-2464 |
Maine Yankee
H.E. Torberg, Jr.
(207) 882-5319 Millstone
Gordon R. Hollberg
(860) 665-3384 Nine Mile Point
Beth Menikheim
(315) 349-4410 Oyster Creek
J. Troebliger
(717) 948-8188 Peach Bottom
David M. Sarley
(215) 841-5703 Pilgrim
Paul Keefe, MD
(617) 424-2372 Salem/Hope Creek
Ronald J. Mack
(609) 339-5600 Seabrook
Bruce R. Seymour
(603) 773-7012 Susquehanna
Lisa M. Yupco
(717) 542-3201 Three Mile Island
J. Troebliger
(717) 948-8188 Vermont Yankee
Greg Morgan
(802) 258-5800 Yankee-Rowe
Peter J. Windle
(508) 568-2280 | McGuire
Deana A. DeLoach
(704) 875-5781 North Anna
W.R. Runner, Jr.
(804) 273-2735 Oconee
Pauline D. Beatty
(864) 885-3317 Robinson
Fred Underwood
(919) 546-6180 Sequoyah
Becky Stanfield
(423) 751-8822 St. Lucie
Arthur Cummings
(561) 467-7008 Summer
Harry O'Quinn
(803) 345-4153 Surry
W.R. Runner, Jr.
(804) 273-2735 Turkey Point
James E. Denton
(305) 246-7171 Vogtle
Vince Agro
(205) 992-5094 Watts Bar
Becky Stanfield
(423) 751-8822 | Fermi
Joseph H. Korte
(734) 586-1095 Kewaunee
Richard P. Pulec
(920) 388-8376 LaSalle
Judith C. Papaleo
(630) 663-6565 Monticello
Anne M. Gutsch
(612) 330-7999 Palisades
J.A. Smith
(517) 788-7072 Perry
Joseph R. Slike
(440) 280-5850 Point Beach
B.K. Kopetsky
(920) 755-6588 Prairie Island
Anne M. Gutsch
(612) 330-7999 Quad Cities
Judith C. Papaleo
(630) 663-6565 Zion
Judith C. Papaleo
(630) 663-6565 | River Bend
Claudia Parker
(504) 381-3655 San Onofre
S.L. Blue
(714) 368-2482 South Texas
Lisa H. Matula
(512) 972-7444 Trojan
Manuel D. Gatlin
(503) 556-6429 WNP-2
D.W. Martin
(509) 377-8628 Waterford
Dee R. Childress
(504) 739-6308 Wolf Creek
Gary D. Burchart
(316) 364-8831 |
Page Last Reviewed/Updated Thursday, March 25, 2021